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Yinchaihu (Radix Stellariae) is a root medicine commonly used in Chinese traditional medicine. Traditional uses include treating fever and malnutrition, and it has been found to have anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-cancer effects in modern medicine [1,2]. The source material for the medicine is the root of the plant Stellaria dichotoma L. var. lanceolata Bge. (hereinafter referred to as YCH), and Ningxia, China is the original producing area of YCH. In recent years, with a lack of wild YCH sources and the successful introduction and domestication of YCH, cultivated YCH has gradually become the main source for commercial production. Changes in the mode of production can alleviate the shortage of Chinese wild herbal resources, but also change, for example, the origin, habitat and management measures of herbal medicines. The metabolites of medicinal plants are the active components of Chinese medicines that might play a therapeutic role and determine the quality of medicinal materials [3,4]. Different cultivation areas, habitats and production methods will have different effects on plant metabolites and the quality of medicinal materials [5,6]. Therefore, when adopting wild sources of medicines for cultivation, the question of whether the quality of the cultivated materials can be guaranteed needs scientific verification. At present, it is not clear what changes might have taken place in the metabolites of YCH when moving production from wild sources to cultivated plants, and whether such changes might have an impact on the quality of medicinal materials.

In this study, metabolomic technology based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS) is used to analyze the metabolites of YCH, determine the diversity of metabolites between wild and cultivated YCH, screen for significantly different metabolites and provide reference points for the evaluation of quality in the production of YCH.